Module-based vending machine system

ABSTRACT

Modular vending machine systems provide for reloadable product dispensing modules, including, but not limited to, vertical product dispensing modules. In some embodiments, the modular vending machine systems comprise one or more modular vending machines and product dispensing modules that may be releasably mounted using module holder structures of the modular vending machines. In some embodiments, a central controller device may be used for communicating with a plurality of modular vending machines, product dispensing modules, and/or docking stations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of priority of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/919,091 filed Dec. 20, 2013,entitled “VENDING SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS UTILIZING PRODUCTCARTRIDGES,” which is incorporated by reference in the presentapplication.

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/830,691 filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “VENDINGMACHINE AND METHODS FOR VENDING ITEMS”; which claims the benefit ofpriority of: (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/764,823filed Feb. 14, 2013, entitled “MODULAR VENDING MACHINE WITH RELOADABLECARTRIDGE SYSTEM”; and (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/613,769 filed Mar. 21, 2012, entitled “TAXI TREATS”. Each of theapplications identified above is incorporated by reference in thepresent application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An understanding of embodiments described in this disclosure and many ofthe related advantages may be readily obtained by reference to thefollowing detailed description when considered with the accompanyingdrawings, of which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a vending machine according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a product dispensing module according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a product dispensing module according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a module coupler mechanism according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are perspective views of a product dispensing moduleaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a modular vending machine coupled to aproduct dispensing module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a product dispensing module according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are perspective views of a vending machineaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a product dispensing module beinginstalled or removed from a modular vending machine according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of product dispensing modules installed ina modular vending machine according to an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a docking station and a productdispensing module of a modular vending system according to an embodimentof the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A. Introduction

According to some embodiments of the present invention, a vendingmachine system is provided wherein one or more components of the vendingmachine may be installed into, removed from and/or replaced in a vendingmachine. Such a vending machine system may be referred to in thisdisclosure as a “modular vending machine system.” According to someembodiments, such components of a modular vending machine system mayinclude, but are not limited to, one or more of: a release mechanism tovend products, a motor (e.g., to drive the release mechanism), aconnection (e.g., an electrical connection) from a motor and a releasemechanism, a connection between a motor and the vending machine, and/orany combination of the foregoing components. In one example, productsfor dispensing via a vending machine may be pre-packaged into thecartridge, and the cartridge may be replaceably coupled or otherwisereleasably secured to a frame of a vending machine (e.g., for dispensingproducts from the cartridge in exchange for payment by a vendingcustomer).

A modular vending machine system, in accordance with one or more of theembodiments described in this disclosure, may advantageously provide forone or more benefits, including a speed of restocking the vendingmachine. In one or more embodiments, if the release mechanism andstorage housing for a vended product were interchangeable (e.g., asembodied in a reloadable product dispensing module), the restocking ofthe vended products may be done quickly and efficiently, substantiallyreducing the time to restock the vending machine and/or improving theprofitability of owning or operating a vending machine. For example, anoperator may quickly replace or restock components with full orfunctional components.

According to some embodiments, modular components may also have theability to be shipped to desired locations, allowing the machines to berestocked, tuned up or fixed without deploying the vending machineoperator's labor force. In one example, cartridges and/or any othermodular component of a vending machine may be drop-shipped (e.g., by avending operator) to a “partner location”, such as to a customer of avending operator (e.g., to a company or location hosting one or moreinstalled vending machines). The cartridge (e.g., containing products tobe vended and/or one or more modular components) may simply be installedby a user at the partner location, such as an employee of a company atwhich a vending machine is installed. In this, the vending operator mayavoid the labor requirements necessary to restock and/or repair vendingmachines using its own employees (e.g., which may result in savings tothe client of the vending operator).

In some embodiments, a method utilizing cartridge-based vending maycomprise a user receiving (e.g., at a partner location) a cartridgeand/or other modular components of a modular vending machine, removingthe component from the shipping container, logging into or otherwiseobtaining physical access to the vending machine (e.g., using anelectronic key providing by the vending operator), removing a cartridge(e.g., an empty product dispensing module) or other modular componentfrom the vending machine, replacing the component with the receivedcartridge or component, and returning the removed cartridge or componentback to the vending operator (e.g., by placing the component in the sameshipping container to be drop-shipped).

Some embodiments of the present invention provide for vending systemsutilizing reloadable product dispensing modules (also referred to as“product cartridges”, “cartridges” or “product dispensing cartridges” inthis disclosure). In one example, products may be loaded into productdispensing modules, which may then be installed into a vending machine.Such systems advantageously provide for easier and more efficientstocking of vending machines.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide for a reloadableproduct dispensing module facilitating easier transportation of theproduct dispensing module, improved security of the product in theproduct dispensing module and/or the product dispensing module itself,and/or more efficient loading of the product dispensing module in avending machine.

According to some embodiments, a product dispensing module is provided(e.g., for use in a modular vending machine system) that comprises oneor more of: a vertical conveyor comprising a plurality of productsupporting positions in a substantially vertical arrangement (e.g., ahelical coil, a vertical configuration of conveyor platforms); acontainer connected to the vertical conveyor, the container comprisingat least one side wall configured to retain products in the productsupporting positions of the vertical conveyor; a coupler connected tothe vertical conveyor, the coupler being configured for coupling with adrive assembly (e.g., a motor and/or drive shaft) for operating thevertical conveyor.

According to some embodiments, a product dispensing module may furthercomprise a coupler lock (e.g., attached to the container). In one ormore embodiments, the coupler lock is configured to substantiallyprevent movement of the coupler and/or the vertical conveyor. Forexample, the coupler lock may lock the coupler from moving when thecoupler is not coupled to a drive assembly (e.g., of a vending machine)for operating the vertical conveyor. The coupler lock may also beconfigured to allow movement of the coupler and/or the vertical conveyorto dispense products (e.g., when the coupler is coupled to a driveassembly of a vending machine for operating the vertical conveyor inorder to dispense purchased products to customers). According to someembodiments, the ability to secure the coupler and/or vertical conveyormay provide for more secure handling of products in the productdispensing module.

According to some embodiments, a cartridge or module for dispensingproducts vertically in a vending machine is provided, the cartridgecomprising one or more of: a first side panel and a second side panel; arear panel connected to the first side panel along a first edge of therear panel and connected to the second side panel along a second edge ofthe rear panel that is opposite the first edge; and a cartridge couplermechanism, connected to respective top edges of the first side panel,the second side panel and the rear panel. In some embodiments, thecartridge coupler mechanism may comprise one or more of: a rotatablecoupler, a coupler housing, and a vertical dispensing coil connected tothe rotatable coupler.

In one embodiment, the cartridge module further comprises a motor (e.g.,a stepper motor connected to the vertical dispensing coil). In adifferent embodiment, the cartridge module does not comprise a motor(e.g., a motor for driving the vertical dispensing coil may be includedin the cabinet of a modular vending machine).

In one embodiment, the coupler housing may comprise a coupler lock sothat when in a first position, it secures the coupler from rotating,and, when in a second position, it allows the coupler to rotate.

According to some embodiments, a system for dispensing products isprovided, the system comprising: (i) a product dispensing modulecomprising a conveyor with a plurality of product supporting positions,a container connected to the conveyor, and a module coupler connected tothe vertical conveyor; and (ii) a vending unit comprising at least onedrive assembly for coupling with and/or operating a product dispensingmodule, and a controller device configured to control operation of thedrive assembly (e.g., to vend a purchased product from a productdispensing module coupled with the vending unit). In one embodiment, thecontainer comprises at least one wall configured to retain products inthe product supporting positions of the vertical conveyor. In oneembodiment, the product supporting positions are arranged in asubstantially vertical arrangement (e.g., for dispensing and/or raisingproducts to a product retrieval area on purchase). In one embodiment,the module coupler is configured to couple with a drive coupler of avending unit (e.g., to allow for a drive assembly to operate conveyor).According to some embodiments, one or more product dispensing modulesmay be installed in the vending unit.

According to some embodiments, the product dispensing module maycomprise a module coupler lock attached to the container tosubstantially prevent movement of the module coupler and/or theconveyor. In one embodiment, the module coupler lock may be configuredto substantially prevent movement of the module coupler and/or thevertical conveyor when the module coupler is not coupled to the drivecoupler, and/or the module coupler lock may be configured to allowmovement of the module coupler and/or the vertical conveyor (e.g., todispense products) when the module coupler is coupled to the drivecoupler.

Some embodiments of the present invention may also provide for improvedtracking of the reliability and/or durability of one or more modularvending machine components. In one example, a motor (e.g., fordispensing vended items) may be replaced in a restocking or maintenanceprocess (e.g., by replacing a cartridge including the motor). The motormay then be examined and, after confirming the motor is suitable and/orrepairing the motor, put back into circulation in the vending machinesystem. Accordingly, this process may optimize the performance ofvending machines with limited interruptions in service. In anotherexample, over time the ability to monitor the performance of varioustypes of components and store information about monitored components mayallow for further analysis (e.g., to provide an understanding of thelongevity of parts, anticipate or predict failure, and/or proactivelyreplace parts prior to actual failure) based on the component monitoringinformation.

B. Terms and Definitions

Throughout the description that follows and unless otherwise specified,the following terms may include and/or encompass the example meaningsprovided in this section. These terms and illustrative example meaningsare provided to clarify the language selected to describe embodimentsboth in the specification and in the appended claims, and accordingly,are not intended to be limiting.

Some embodiments described in this disclosure are associated with a“control system”. As used in this disclosure, the term “control system”may generally refer to any combination of hardware, software, firmware,and/or microcode that is operative to carry out and/or facilitateembodiments described in this disclosure. For example, a control systemmay comprise a processor performing instructions of a program tofacilitate management of a modular vending machine system. The controlsystem may comprise, according to some embodiments, a single deviceand/or component, or may comprise any practicable number of networkeddevices.

Some embodiments described in this disclosure are associated with a“network device”. As used in this disclosure, the term “network device”may generally refer to any device that can communicate via a network.Examples of network devices include a PC, a workstation, a server, aprinter, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a copier, a PDA, a storagedevice (e.g., a disk drive), a hub, a router, a switch, and a modem or awireless phone. In some embodiments, network devices may comprise one ormore network components, such as a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)device or module, a network processor, and/or a network communicationpath, connection, port, or cable. Some examples of network devices mayinclude, but are not limited to, servers or controllers, customerdevices, vending machines, input devices, output devices, and peripheraldevices.

As used in this disclosure, the terms “server” and “controller” may beused interchangeably and may generally refer to any device that maycommunicate with one or more vending machines, one or more productdispensing modules, one or more cartridge docking stations, one or morethird-party servers, one or more remote controllers, one or morecustomer devices, one or more peripheral devices and/or other networknodes, and may be capable of relaying communications to and/or from eachsuch device. A controller or server may, for example, comprise one ormore network devices and/or components.

Some embodiments described in this disclosure are associated with an“input device”. As used in this disclosure, the term “input device” maygenerally refer to any device that is used to receive or process input.An input device may communicate with and/or be part of another device.Some examples of input devices include, but are not limited to: abutton, a key, one or more softkeys and/or variable function inputdevices, a bar code scanner, a magnetic stripe reader, a computerkeyboard, a pointing device (e.g., a computer mouse, touchpad, and/ortrackball), a keypad, a touch-screen, a microphone, an infrared sensor,a sonic ranger, a computer port, a video camera, a motion detector, anaccelerometer, a thermometer, a digital camera, a network card, aUniversal Serial Bus (USB) port, a Global Positioning System (GPS)receiver, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) receiver, and/or an RFreceiver.

Some embodiments described in this disclosure are associated with an“output device”. As used in this disclosure, the term “output device”may generally refer to a device that is used to output information. Anoutput device may communicate with and/or be part of another device.Some examples of output devices may include, but are not limited to: aCathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, aLight Emitting Diode (LED) screen, a printer, an audio speaker (or othersound or noise-producing device), an Infra-red Radiation (IR)transmitter, an RF transmitter, a vibration device, and/or a data port.

It should be understood that some devices may function and/or operate asboth input and output devices. A touch-sensitive display device (or“touch screen”), for example, may receive input by receiving pressureand/or electrostatic indications via a display screen, and may alsoprovide output such as graphics, text, and/or other data via the samedisplay screen.

Some embodiments in this disclosure are associated with “communication”.As used in this disclosure, the term “communication” may refer to anyinformation, data, and/or signal that is provided, transmitted,received, and/or otherwise processed by an entity, and/or that is sharedor exchanged between two or more people, devices, and/or other entities.Communications may be external to one or more devices, internal (e.g.,within a device and/or component), wired, wireless, continuous, and/orintermittent. Communications may involve, for example, one or more oftransmitting, receiving, relaying, processing, and/or otherwiseinterfacing with information and/or data. Some, but not all, possiblecommunication networks that may be utilized for such communicationsinclude: a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), theInternet, a telephone line (e.g., a Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN)), a cable line, a radio channel, an optical communications line,and/or a satellite communications link. A variety of communicationsprotocols may be utilized to facilitate and/or conduct suchcommunications, including but not limited to: Ethernet (or IEEE 802.3),Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX), Service Advertising Protocol (SAP),Asynchronous Transfer Protocol (ATP), Bluetooth®, and/or TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP). Communications may beencrypted to ensure privacy and prevent fraud in any of a variety ofways that are or become known or practicable.

Devices in communication with each other need not be continuallytransmitting to each other. On the contrary, such devices need onlytransmit to each other as necessary, and may actually refrain fromexchanging data most of the time. For example, a device in communicationwith another device via the Internet may not transmit data to the otherdevice for weeks at a time.

As used in this disclosure, the terms “information” and “data” may beused interchangeably and may refer to any data, text, voice, video,image, message, bit, packet, pulse, tone, waveform, and/or other type orconfiguration of signal and/or information. Information may be orinclude information packets transmitted, for example, in accordance withthe IP Version 6 (IPv6) standard as defined by “Internet ProtocolVersion 6 (IPv6) Specification” RFC 1883, published by the InternetEngineering Task Force (IETF), Network Working Group, S. Deering et al.(December 1995). Information may, according to some embodiments, becompressed, encrypted, and/or otherwise packaged or manipulated inaccordance with any method that is or becomes known or practicable.

In addition, some embodiments described in this disclosure areassociated with an “indication”. As used in this disclosure, the term“indication” may be used to refer to any indicia and/or otherinformation indicative of or associated with a subject, item, entity,and/or other object and/or idea. As used in this disclosure, the phrases“information indicative of” and “indicia” may be used to refer to anyinformation that represents, describes, and/or is otherwise associatedwith a related entity, subject, or object. Indicia of information mayinclude, for example, a code, a reference, a link, a signal, anidentifier, and/or any combination thereof and/or any other informativerepresentation associated with the information. In some embodiments,indicia of information (or indicative of the information) may be orinclude the information itself and/or any portion or component of theinformation. In some embodiments, an indication may include a request, asolicitation, a broadcast, and/or any other form of informationgathering and/or dissemination.

As used in this disclosure, the term “coupled” may generally refer toany type or configuration of coupling that is or becomes known orpracticable. Coupling may be descriptive, for example, of two or moreobjects, devices, and/or components that are communicatively coupled,mechanically coupled, electrically coupled, and/or magnetically coupled.The term “communicatively coupled” generally refers to any type orconfiguration of coupling that places two or more objects, devices,components, or portions, elements, or combinations thereof incommunication. Mechanical, electrical, and magnetic communications areexamples of such communications. The term “mechanically coupled”generally refers to any physical binding, adherence, attachment, and/orother form of physical contact between two or more objects, devices,components, or portions, elements, or combinations thereof. The term“electrically coupled” indicates that one or more objects, devices,components, or portions, elements, or combinations thereof, are inelectrical contact such that an electrical signal, pulse, or current iscapable of passing between the one or more objects, enabling the objectsto electrically communicate with one another. The term “magneticallycoupled” indicates that one or more objects, devices, components, orportions, elements, or combinations thereof, are within one or moreassociated magnetic fields. Objects may be electrically and/ormagnetically coupled without themselves being physically attached ormechanically coupled. For example, objects may communicate electricallythrough various wireless forms of communication or may be within (atleast partially) a magnetic field, without being physically touching oreven adjacent.

C. General Systems and Structures

Some embodiments of the present invention provide for a vending machine.In one or more embodiments, a vending machine may comprise one or moreof: a product display area for displaying products (e.g., one or moretypes of products available for purchase via the vending machine), aproduct delivery area (e.g., for providing a customer access to apurchased product), a product dispensing module, a payment processingdevice (e.g., for facilitating and/or receiving payment by a customerfor a product), a cabinet or other type of housing, and/or one or moreproduct selectors (e.g., push buttons, an electronic user interface) bywhich a customer may select a product for purchase. In one example, acustomer inserts, swipes, or otherwise interfaces a payment device(e.g., a credit card with a magnetic strip and/or secure chip, a deviceenabled with near field communication (NFC) technology and correspondingto a financial account) with the payment processing device (e.g., acredit card reader device) and selects a product using a productselector. The selected product is dispensed from a secured location(e.g., from within a modular product dispensing module where it is notaccessible to the customer) into the product delivery area (e.g.,accessible via a hinged door in the vending machine cabinet) and may beretrieved by the customer.

According to some embodiments, a payment processing device may comprise,for example, a bill and/or coin payment mechanism, a user interface forproviding information for electronic payment, and/or a payment devicesensor or other type of electronic device for reading, transmitting toand/or receiving payment information (e.g., an account number thatidentifies a financial account) from a payment device (e.g., a creditcard).

According to some embodiments, the product display area may comprise oneor more of a window to display actual product samples, and/or anelectronic display device (e.g., a flat monitor), for example. If theproduct display area comprises a display device, the product displayarea may be used to display information about products available forpurchase, information about new products, commercial messages and otheradvertisements (e.g., messages associated with a current location of thevending machine), information associated with a current location of thevending machine (e.g., a map, local information, local shoppinginformation, local transportation information, local entertainmentinformation), recommended products (e.g., based on information about acustomer's transaction history and/or current inventory), and the like.If the vending machine is installed in a vehicle or is otherwise mobile,the information associated with the current location may change asvending machine's location changes, as described with respect to variousembodiments in this disclosure.

According to some embodiments, the product display area may comprise atouch-screen display. In one example, the display area displays productimages and a customer may select a product for purchase by touching oneof the displayed product images. Accordingly, in some embodimentstouch-screen display may comprise the product selectors of the vendingmachine. In some embodiments, the product images to be displayed may bedetermined by a processor of the vending machine and/or by a centralcontroller device in communication with the vending machine. In oneexample, each product for purchase may be associated (e.g., in adatabase) with a respective product image for display via the displayarea if that product is available for sale in the particular vendingmachine.

Referring first to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a system 100 according tosome embodiments is shown. The various systems described in thisdisclosure are depicted for use in explanation, but not limitation, ofdescribed embodiments. Different types, layouts, quantities, andconfigurations of systems described in this disclosure may be utilizedwithout deviating from the scope of some embodiments.

The example system 100 which includes a controller 150 that is incommunication, via a communications network 190, with one or morevending machines 110 a, 110 b, 110 n. The controller 150 may communicatewith the vending machines (directly or indirectly) via a wired orwireless medium, such as the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring,or via any appropriate communications means or combination ofcommunications means.

Each of the vending machines may comprise one or more computers, such asthose based on the Intel® Pentium® or Centrino™ processor, that areadapted to communicate with the controller 150. Further, in someembodiments, a controller 150 may comprise one or more computers, suchas those based on the Intel® Pentium® processor, which may or may not belocated remotely to one another or remotely to one or more of thevending machines. Thus, in some embodiments, a controller 150 mayfacilitate the transmission of data between one or more vending machinesso that human operators may remotely interact with vending machinesand/or vending machine customers. Further still, in some embodiments,system 100 includes one or more user devices (not shown) that enablecustomers to transmit data to and/or receive data from a vending machineand/or controller.

While three vending machines 110 a, 110 b, 110 n are depicted in thesystem 100, fewer or more vending machines may be included in a vendingmachine system without deviating from the scope of one or moreembodiments. Similarly, while the vending machines 110 a-n are depictedas being in communication with and/or coupled to a controller 150 and/ora docking station 180, fewer or more such devices 150, 180 may be incommunication with and/or coupled to any or all of the vending machines110 a-n.

According to some embodiments, the vending machines 110 a-n may be incommunication with and/or coupled to various devices (e.g., devices 150,170, 180) via the Internet and/or network 190. The vending machines 110a-n may, for example, may be in communication with the controller 150for transmitting and/or receiving various types of information, such aswithout limitation, information about cartridges, sales information,product information, and/or location information.

The system 100 may comprise, for example, one or more vending machines110 a, 110 b, 110 n in communication with a controller 150 via a network190. The network 190 may generally comprise any practicable and/ordesirable type and/or configuration of network, such as the Internetand/or a LAN. Any number and type of vending machines 110 a-n may be incommunication with the controller 150. Communication between the vendingmachines and the controller 150, and among the vending machines, may bedirect or indirect, such as over the Internet through a Web sitemaintained by controller 150 on a remote server and/or over an on-linedata network including commercial on-line service providers. In yetother embodiments, the vending machines may communicate with one anotherand/or controller 150 over RF, cable TV, satellite links and the like.

In an embodiment, communication networks that may be included incommunications network 190, or that may be otherwise included as part ofsystem 100, include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), the Internet, a telephone line, a cable line, a radio channel, anoptical communications line, a satellite communications link. Possiblecommunications protocols that may be part of 100 200 include: Ethernet(or IEEE 802.3), SAP, ATP, Bluetooth™, and TCP/IP. Communication may beencrypted to ensure privacy and prevent fraud in any of a variety ofways well known in the art.

In an embodiment, the controller 150 need not be employed. For example,according to an embodiment, a stand-alone vending machine and/or avending machine in communication with one or more other vending machinesmay be employed without the controller 150. Accordingly, any functionsdescribed as performed by the controller 150 and any data described asstored on the controller 150 may, alternatively or in addition, beperformed by or stored on one or more vending machines in accordancewith various embodiments.

Similarly, in an embodiment consistent with FIG. 2, some of thefunctionality described with reference to FIG. 1 as being performed byvending machines 110 a-n may instead or in addition be performed bysystem 200. Similarly, any data described with reference to FIG. 1 asbeing stored in a memory of vending machines 110 a-n may be instead orin addition stored in a memory of system 200.

One or more of the vending machines 110 a, 110 b, 110 n may comprise,for example, a casing enclosing one or more of a processor, acommunications device, an inventory storage and dispensing device, apayment processing device, an input device, an output device, and/or adata storage device. According to some embodiments, one or more ofvending machines 110 a, 110 b, 110 n may be configured to perform and/orfacilitate processes in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed in this disclosure.

Example vending machine 110 b may comprise, for example, one or moreproduct cartridges 140 a, 140 b, 140 n. Although three such productcartridges are depicted, any number of product cartridges may beutilized as deemed appropriate for a desired implementation. Accordingto one embodiment, one or more of the product cartridges is incommunication with and/or coupled a processor of vending machine 110 b(e.g., for transmitting information to the vending machine such as,without limitation, a cartridge ID that identifies the cartridge).

Example docking station 180, in accordance with some embodiments, maycomprise an apparatus configured to receive one or more cartridges(e.g., cartridge 170) for stocking products in the cartridge and/orreceiving a cartridge ID that identifies the cartridge (e.g., forstoring in a cartridge database accessible by one or more of controller150 and/or a vending machine). In one embodiment, the docking station180 may transmit a cartridge ID to the cartridge 170 (e.g., for storingthe ID in a memory of the cartridge). Any number of docking stations maybe used in example system 100 as deemed appropriate for a particularimplementation.

Those skilled in the art will understand that vending machines and/orcomputers in communication with each other need not be continuallytransmitting to each other. On the contrary, such vending machinesand/or computers need only transmit to each other as necessary ordesirable, and may actually refrain from exchanging data most of thetime. For example, a vending machine in communication with anothermachine via the Internet may not transmit data to the other machine forweeks at a time.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a system 200 according to someembodiments is shown. In one or more embodiments, the system 200 maycomprise multiple devices (e.g., a controller and one or more vendingmachines and/or docking stations). In some embodiments, system 200 maybe embodied as a single device (e.g., a vending machine). The vendingmachine 200 may comprise, for example, one or more of a processor 205,an inventory storage and dispensing device 270, a payment processingdevice 250, an input device 260, an output device 255, a communicationsport 265, and/or a data storage device 210. According to someembodiments, the vending machine 200 may be configured to perform and/orfacilitate processes in accordance with embodiments described in thisdisclosure.

In some embodiments, a casing may enclose one or more of the componentsof the vending machine 200. According to some embodiments, a suitablecasing and/or cabinetry may be constructed from any suitable material,including but not limited to any combination of (1) commercial gradesteel (e.g., for exterior panels and/or internal shelving), (2)transparent materials such as glass or PlexiglasTM (e.g., for productdisplay windows), (3) rubber (e.g., for waterproofing insulation), (4)plastic, and/or (5) aluminum.

According to some embodiments, the vending machine 200 may include theprocessor 205 that may be or include any type, quantity, and/orconfiguration of processor that is or becomes known. The processor 205may comprise, for example, an Intel® IXP 2800 network processor or anIntel® XEON™ Processor coupled with an Intel® E7501 chipset. In someembodiments, the processor 205 may comprise multiple inter-connectedprocessors, microprocessors, and/or micro-engines. According to someembodiments, the processor 205 may include or be coupled to one or moreclocks or timers (not explicitly shown) and to the communications port265. The processor 205 may communicate, in accordance with someembodiments, through the communications port 265 with other devices suchas one or more peripheral devices, one or more servers, and/or one ormore user devices (e.g., such as a laptop computer, tablet computer, orsmartphone). The communications port 265 may, for example, comprise anytype or configuration of communication port, cable, modem, and/or signaltransceiver that is or becomes known or practicable.

In some embodiments, the processor 205 may also or alternatively be incommunication with and/or coupled to any number of other components ofthe vending machine 200 such as the inventory storage and dispensingdevice 270, the payment processing device 250, the input device 260, theoutput device 255, and/or the data storage device 210.

In some embodiments, the vending machine 200 may comprise the inventorystorage and dispensing device 216. The inventory storage and dispensingdevice 216 may, according to some embodiments, comprise any numberand/or configuration of devices and/or components that facilitate and/orare associated with the storage and/or dispensing of products orservices available via the vending machine 200.

Product inventory storage and product dispensing functions of thevending machine 200 configured in accordance with one or more vendingmachine embodiments may include, for example, one or more of: (i) adrive motor, (ii) metal shelves, (iii) a product delivery system and/orarea (e.g., a chute, product tray, and/or product tray door), and/or(iv) an arrangement of product supporting positions (e.g., single and/ordual spiral/helical rods or coils for holding and/or dispensing items).

According to some embodiments, the vending machine 200 may comprise thepayment processing device 250. The payment processing device 250 may,according to some embodiments, comprise any number and/or configurationof devices and/or components for receiving payment and/or dispensingchange, including a coin acceptor, a bill validator, a card reader(e.g., a magnetic stripe reader and/or embedded chip reader), anNFC-based payment device reader, and/or a change dispenser.

In some embodiments, a magnetic stripe card reader may read data on amagnetic stripe of a credit or debit card, for example, and it maycooperate with conventional POS credit card processing equipment tovalidate card-based purchases through a conventional transactionauthorization network. Suitable card-based transaction processingsystems and methods are available from USA Technologies, Inc.™ of Wayne,Pa. In some embodiments, a coin acceptor, bill validator and/or changedispenser may communicate with and/or be coupled to a currency storageapparatus (a “hopper”; not shown) and may comprise conventional devicessuch as models AE-2400, MC5000, TRC200 by Mars, Inc.™ of West Chester,Pa., or CoinCo™ model 9300-L.

Coin acceptors and/or bill validators may receive and validate currencythat is stored by the currency storage apparatus. According to someembodiments, a change dispenser may activate the return of coinage tothe customer when change is due. Such apparatus may feature MultidropBus (MDB) and/or Micromech peripheral capabilities, as are known in theart.

In another embodiment, the vending machine 200 may be configured toreceive payment authorization and/or product selection commands orsignals through a wireless device communication network (e.g., via thecommunications port 265), directly or indirectly, from a customer device(e.g., a cellular telephone or tablet computer). In such an embodiment,the payment processing device 250 may comprise a cellular transceiveroperatively connected to the processor 205 to receive, transmit, and/orprocess such signals. Systems and methods allowing for the selection ofand payment for vending machine products via cellular telephones areprovided by USA Technologies, Inc.™. Further, in such an embodiment, acustomer cellular telephone may serve as an input device 260 and/or anoutput device 255, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. Furtherdetails concerning vending machine payment processing devices 250 arewell known in the art, and need not be described in further detail inthis disclosure.

According to some embodiments, the vending machine 200 may comprise oneor more input device 260 and/or one or more output devices 255. In someembodiments, the input device(s) 220 may be operable to receive inputfrom (i) a customer indicating a product and/or offer selection, from(ii) an operator (or agent thereof) during stocking or maintenance ofthe vending machine 200, and/or from (iii) a third party. Also, theoutput device 255 may be configured for outputting product and/or offerinformation (such as promotions) to a customer, operator, and/or thirdparty. The input devices and/or output devices may communicate with avending machine processor 205 through any practicable interface, such asa USB interface.

Many combinations of input devices 260 and output devices 255 may beemployed according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, thevending machine 200 may include more than one input device 260. Forexample, the vending machine 200 may include an exterior input devicefor receiving customer input and an interior input device for receivinginput form an operator or other user authorized to access the interiorof the vending machine (e.g., for restocking and/or maintenance). Insome embodiments, the input device 260 may provide the dualfunctionality of receiving input data from more than one type of user(e.g., operators, customers, and authorized users at a partnerlocation). Likewise, a vending machine 200 may comprise more than oneoutput device 255 (e.g., a primary display, a secondary display, and/oran LCD screen and several LED devices). In some embodiments, such asthose which feature touch screens (described elsewhere in thisdisclosure), the functionality of both input devices 260 and outputdevices 255 may be provided by a single device and/or type of device.

Many input devices 260 are contemplated. Thus, an input device 260 maycomprise, for example, one or more of the following: (i) a set ofalpha-numeric keys for providing input to the vending machine, (ii) aselector dial, (iii) a set of buttons associated with a respective setof item dispensers, (iv) a barcode reader (e.g., a 1-D or 2-D barcodereader), (v) a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency receiver/decoder, (vi) awireless device (e.g., a cellular receiver; a radio-frequency receiver;an infrared receiver; a wireless access point or wireless router; otherwireless devices), (vii) a smart card reader, (viii) a magnetic stripereader, (ix) a biometric identification apparatus (e.g., an irisscanner, a retinal scanner, a thumbprint reader, etc.), (x) a customerdevice, and/or (xi) any other type or configuration of input device 260that may be or become known or practicable.

Likewise, many types of output devices 255 are contemplated. Forexample, an output device 255 may comprise an LCD screen or device.Alternatively or additionally, the output device 255 may comprise one ormore LED displays or devices. According to some embodiments, the outputdevice 255 may also or alternatively comprise an audio module, such asan audio speaker, that outputs information to customers audibly.

As stated, in some embodiments, a touch-sensitive screen may be employedto perform both input device 260 and output device 255 functions.Suitable, commercially available touch screens for use according tovarious embodiments are manufactured by Elo TouchSystems, Inc., ofFremont, Calif., such as Elo's AccuTouch series touch screens. Suchtouch screens may comprise: (i) a first (e.g., outer-most) hard-surfacescreen layer coated with an anti-glare finish, (ii) a second screenlayer coated with a transparent-conductive coating, and/or (iii) a thirdscreen layer comprising a glass substrate with a uniform-conductivecoating. Further, such touch screens may be configured to detect inputwithin a determined positional accuracy, such as a standard deviation oferror less than plus or minus eight hundredths of an inch (±0.08″/2 mm).These and other operational details of touch screens (e.g., drivecurrent, signal current, capacitance, open circuit resistance, andclosed circuit resistance) are well known in the art and need not bedescribed further in this disclosure.

In some embodiments, input and/or output functionality of the vendingmachine 200 may be facilitated through a wireless device configured tosend data to, and/or receive data from a user device, such as a laptopcomputer or a cellular telephone. In some embodiments, such a wirelessdevice may comprise a sensor that detects signals from a customerdevice. Such signals may include but are not limited to radio frequencysignals and/or IR signals. Thus, in one or more embodiments, a wirelessinput device 260 may comprise a WAP or router configured to operate inaccordance with an IEEE 802.11 standard, including the 802.11b and802.11g standards, which transmit at 2.4 GHz, or the 802.11a standard,which transmits at 5 GHz. Such a wireless device may, in someembodiments, have the capability to “frequency hop” between radiofrequencies so as to reduce interference and/or increase security.Encryption techniques may also or alternatively be employed to increasethe security of transmissions. Suitable WAPs are available from Belkin™Corporation of Compton, Calif. and Cisco™ Systems, Inc. of San Jose,Calif. A wireless device may, in some embodiments, be used to establisha communication link as described in this disclosure.

Additionally, in some embodiments, an output device 255 may comprise anaudio module, such as an audio speaker, that outputs information tocustomers audibly. Speakers may comprise conventional speakers and/ormodern hypersonic speakers.

The data storage device 210 may, in accordance with some embodiments,include any appropriate combination of magnetic, optical and/orsemiconductor memory, and may include, for example, additionalprocessors, communication ports, RAM, Read-Only Memory (ROM), a compactdisc and/or a hard disk. The processor 205 and the data storage device210 may each be, for example: (i) located entirely within a singlecomputer or other computing device; or (ii) connected to each other by aremote communication medium, such as a serial port cable, a Local AreaNetwork (LAN), a telephone line, RF transceiver, a fiber opticconnection and/or the like. In some embodiments for example, vendingmachine 200 may comprise one or more computers (or processors 205) thatare connected to a remote server computer (e.g., via the communicationsport 265) operative to maintain databases, where the data storage device210 is comprised of the combination of the remote server computer andthe associated databases.

The data storage device 210 may generally store one or more programs 215for controlling the processor 205. The processor 205 may performinstructions of the program 215, for example, and thereby operate inaccordance with some embodiments, and particularly in accordance withthe methods described in detail in this disclosure. According to someembodiments, the program 215 may comprise any number or type of programsthat are or becomes known or practicable. In some embodiments, theprogram 215 may be developed using an object oriented programminglanguage that allows the modeling of complex systems with modularobjects to create abstractions that are representative of real world,physical objects and their interrelationships. However, it would beunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodimentsdescribed in this disclosure can be implemented in many different waysusing a wide range of programming techniques as well as general purposehardware systems or dedicated controllers.

The program 215 may be stored in a compressed, un-compiled and/orencrypted format. The program 215 furthermore may include programelements that may be generally useful, such as an operating system, adatabase management system and/or device drivers for allowing theprocessor 205 to interface with computer peripheral devices and/or thevarious components of the vending machine 200. Appropriate generalpurpose program elements are known to those skilled in the art, and neednot be described in detail in this disclosure.

Further, the program 215 may be operative to execute a number ofinvention-specific objects, modules and/or subroutines which may include(but are not limited to) one or more subroutines to determine cartridgeinventory (e.g., the identity and/or number of product cartridgescurrently installed in a modular vending machine), product inventory(e.g., what types of products and/or number of items), product priceinformation, location information (e.g., current location) and/ortransaction history information. The program 215 may also oralternatively comprise one or more procedures for causing the processor205 to determine one or more advertising messages to present to acustomer based on a location of the vending machine 200 (e.g., based onthe current location of a vehicle-based vending machine, as determinedby a GPS receiver). Examples of some of these subroutines and theiroperation are described in detail with respect to the processesdescribed elsewhere in this disclosure.

According to some embodiments, the instructions of the program 215 maybe read into a main memory (not explicitly shown) of the processor 205from another computer-readable medium (such as the data storage device210), like from a ROM to a RAM. Execution of sequences of theinstructions in the program 215 may cause the processor 205 to performthe process steps described in this disclosure. In alternativeembodiments, hard-wired circuitry or integrated circuits may be used inplace of, or in combination with, software instructions forimplementation of the processes described in this disclosure. Thus, someembodiments are not limited to any specific combination of hardware,firmware, and/or software.

In addition to the program 215, the data storage device 210 may also beoperative to store one or more databases, files, and/or tables,containing information such as (i) cartridge database 218, (ii) productinventory database 220, (iii) product price database 225, and/or (ii)transaction history database 230. Any number of data arrangements may beemployed besides those suggested in FIG. 2. For example, even thoughfour separate data tables, stores, files, and/or databases areillustrated, embodiments may be practiced effectively using fewer ormore functionally equivalent databases or similar structures. Codesand/or identifiers, rules or parameters, transaction history data, thirdparty data, and/or other metrics may, for example, be stored tofacilitate the embodiments described in this disclosure being practicedvia the vending machine 200. It will be readily understood that anobject-based model may be used to store and manipulate one or morevarious data types, and likewise, object methods or behaviors may beused to implement one or more of the processes described in thisdisclosure.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments, some or all of thefunctions and method steps described in this disclosure may be performedpartially or entirely by one or more separate devices (not explicitlyshown). Separate devices for use with such an embodiment include, butare not limited to user devices (e.g., of partner users, operators,and/or customers) and customer devices (PDA devices, laptop computers,and cellular telephones). In some embodiments featuring separatedevices, such devices may be capable of communicating, directly (e.g.,via Bluetooth® connectivity) or indirectly (e.g., through a web serveror IVRU), to a control system (e.g., controller 150 of FIG. 1) in orderto facilitate inventive functionality described in this disclosure. Insome embodiments featuring separate devices, such separate devices maybe capable of communicating with a remote computer.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective diagram of an example product dispensingmodule 300 in accordance with one or more embodiments. The productdispensing module 300 may comprise, for example, a vertical conveyor 302connected to a coupler 304, which is connected to container 306. In oneexample, the vertical conveyor 302 may comprise at least one spiral orhelical coil and/or screw-type conveyor rotatably mounted in thecontainer 306, the longitudinal axis of which may be aligned or orientedto provide a plurality of product supporting positions in asubstantially vertical arrangement. For example, each product to bevended may be placed on top of a respective loop of a helical coil sothat the items are supported in a substantially vertical column withinthe product dispensing module. In some embodiments, the productdispensing module 300 may comprise a plurality of products, with eachproduct stored in a respective one of the plurality of productsupporting positions of the vertical conveyor.

In another embodiment the vertical conveyor 302 may comprise one or moreconveyor belt loops. For example, a conveyor belt loop may comprise oneor more attached shelves to support products moving substantiallyvertically in the module. In one embodiment one end of the shelves maybe attached to the conveyor belt loop with hinges such that the shelvesfold down to a position substantially in the same plane as the loop asthe loop returns to the top of the product dispensing module, and then,when the loop returns and moves downward, the shelves fall into asubstantially horizontal supporting position relative to thelongitudinal axis of the module and/or substantially perpendicular tothe loop's travel path.

The example product dispensing module 300 may also comprise at least onecoupler 304 configured for coupling with a drive assembly (e.g., a motorfor coupling with and operating the vertical conveyor 302). In oneembodiment the coupler may be connected and/or be integrated with thevertical conveyor 302. In one example, the coupler 304 may be part ofand/or may be connected to the vertical conveyor 302 through a side ofthe product dispensing module (e.g., through module coupler mechanism309 of FIG. 3). According to some embodiments, the coupler 304 may beconfigured to couple with a drive assembly and/or motor of a vendingmachine (e.g., a modular vending machine configured to receivereplaceable product dispensing modules) and/or of a product dispensingmodule. For example, in response to a signal and/or instructiontransmitted by a controller device of the vending machine and/or aproduct dispensing module, a drive assembly may operate a verticalconveyor to dispense a purchased product (e.g., by rotating a helicalcoil in order to release or dispense a product held at a productsupporting position of the coil).

The container 306 may comprise at least one side (and/or other retainingcomponent) configured to retain one or more products in the productdispensing module (e.g., in the product supporting positions of thevertical conveyor 302). In some embodiments, the container may beconfigured with a substantially rectangular or square lateral crosssection, or the container may be configured with a lateral cross sectionof a substantially circular, triangular or elliptical shape, or may beof any shape deemed desirable for a particular implementation. In someembodiments, as depicted in FIG. 3, the container 306 may comprise twoopposite side walls, a third side wall (e.g., a rear side wall), and amodule coupler mechanism 309 that provides and/or is integrated with atop side wall, with the vertical conveyor 302 rotatably mounted throughan opening in the module coupler mechanism 309 to the coupler 304. Inone or more embodiments, the size of the product dispensing module 300may be configured to allow for a modular vending machine with arelatively slimmer profile.

According to some embodiments, the product dispensing module 300 maycomprise a coupler lock 308 connected to the container 306. In oneembodiment, the coupler lock 308 may be configured (as discussed in moredetail in this disclosure) to substantially prevent movement of thecoupler 304 and/or the vertical conveyor 302. For example, the couplerlock 308 may be configured to substantially limit movement of thecoupler 304 when the coupler is not coupled to a drive assembly foroperating the vertical conveyor 302 (e.g., when the product dispensingmodule 300 is being filled with product or prepared for transportation).In another example, the coupler lock 308 may be configured to allowmovement of the coupler 304 and/or the vertical conveyor 302 to dispenseproducts when the coupler is coupled to a drive assembly for operatingthe vertical conveyor (e.g., when the product dispensing module 300 isinstalled in a modular vending machine). In some embodiments, thecoupler 304 is rotatable (e.g., in order to rotate the attached verticalconveyor 302) and the coupler lock is accordingly configured to engagethe coupler to prevent the coupler from rotating.

According to some embodiments, as depicted in FIG. 3, the coupler 304and the coupler lock 308 may be connected to and/or integrated with amodule coupler mechanism 309 (which may also function as a top cover orside wall of the container 306) of the product dispensing module 300. Inone example, the module coupler mechanism 309 may be formed at least inpart by a module coupler mechanism that comprises an opening throughwhich the vertical conveyor 302 may be connected to the coupler 304.

According to some embodiments, at least one wall of the productdispensing module 300 comprises at least one pair of grooves or channels310 configured to receive a removable panel. For example, the depth ofthe container 306 may be adjustable by use of a removable side or panelin order to accommodate products of various sizes in the productsupporting positions. In some embodiments, the product dispensing module300 may comprise one or more openings 312 in the container 306 and/ormodule coupler mechanism 309 for receiving a removable panel or side. Inone example, as depicted in FIG. 3, the product dispensing module 300may comprise a plurality of openings 312, each opening being associatedwith a respective selectable and/or configurable depth of the container306 that may be selected by an operator or other type of user asappropriate for a particular size of product. In some embodiments, eachopening 312 may be associated with a respective set of one or moregrooves 310 for receiving and holding a panel inserted through thecorresponding opening.

Although depicted in the example as having one or more open sides (e.g.,the open front and bottom sides), it will be readily understood that anynumber of sides of the example container 306 may be partially or whollycovered by a respective wall portion as desired.

According to some embodiments, discussed in further detail in thisdisclosure, the coupler lock 308 may be movably attached to thecontainer 306. In one example, the coupler lock 308 may be movable froma first coupler lock position (e.g., for engaging the coupler 304 toprevent its movement) to a second coupler lock position (e.g., fordisengaging the coupler 304 to allow its movement). In one embodiment,the coupler lock 308 may be movably and/or slidably attached to or partof the module coupler mechanism 309 and may be slidable or may otherwisebe movable from the first coupler lock position to the second lockposition. In another embodiment, a coupler lock may be removable ordetachable from the container (e.g., in order to disengage the coupler).

According to some embodiments, the coupler lock 308 may be configured sothat installing the product dispensing module in a modular vendingmachine and/or coupling the coupler with a drive assembly for operatingthe vertical conveyor, moves the coupler from a locked position to anunlocked position. For example, in one embodiment, coupling the couplerwith a drive assembly for operating the vertical conveyor causes thedrive assembly and/or other portion of a vending machine to push orotherwise move the coupler from the first coupler lock position to thesecond coupler lock position.

According to some embodiments, the product dispensing module 300 maycomprise a handle connected to the container that may be useful inhandling the module and/or aligning the module for installation orremoval. In one embodiment, the handle may be attached to and/or part ofmodule coupler mechanism 309.

In some embodiments, the product dispensing module 300 may comprise adata storage device (not shown) storing an identifier that identifiesthe product dispensing module (e.g., a module identifier that uniquelyidentifies the product dispensing module). In one embodiment, the datastorage device may be configured to be read by and/or otherwisecommunicate with a processing device of a vending unit for reading theidentifier. In one embodiment, the data storage device may, when theproduct dispensing module is coupled to a drive assembly and/orinstalled in a modular vending machine, connect electronically with aprocessing device (e.g., an RFID reader) configured to read the datastorage device when the coupler is coupled to a drive assembly.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective diagram of another example product dispensingmodule 400 in accordance with one or more embodiments. The productdispensing module 400 may comprise, for example, a vertical conveyor 402connected to a module coupler mechanism 409 (e.g., a mechanismcomprising a coupler, a coupler lock and/or one or more openings forreceiving a removable front panel), which is connected to container 406.In contrast to the container 306 of FIG. 3, the container 406 is wider,relative to the width of the vertical conveyor 402. The configuration ofthe container 406 allows for storage of products that are larger (e.g.,wider) than the width of the vertical conveyor 402. Although thevertical conveyor 402 is depicted as being to one side of the container406, it will be readily understood that the vertical conveyor 402 may becentered or may be in any position relative to the sides of thecontainer 406, as deemed desirable for a particular implementation.According to some embodiments, the product dispensing module 400 maycomprise one or grooves and/or openings (not shown) for receiving aremovable and/or adjustable panel for adjusting the width and/or heightof the portion of the container 406 in which products may be stored.Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention allow forreconfiguring the depth, height and/or depth of the area (e.g., aroundthe vertical conveyor 402) in which products are stored for shipmentand/or dispensing.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of example components of an examplemodule coupler mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments. Inaccordance with one or more embodiments, coupler lock 502 may comprise acoupler receiver 510 that defines a slot or other receiving portion 512configuring for receiving, securing and/or releasing a correspondingmodule coupler 520 and/or coupler stem 522, as discussed with respect toFIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, the coupler lock 502 mayfurther comprise one or more lock sliders 506 a, 506 b configured formovably connecting the coupler lock 502 to coupler base 530. Forexample, force applied (e.g., by a user installing a product dispensingmodule) to the coupler lock 502 may be used to move the lock sliders 506a, 506 b into a position for locking or unlocking the module coupler520, as desired.

According to some embodiments, a handle may be attached to one or moreof the coupler lock 502, the coupler base 530, the module coupler 520and/or module container side 540, and may be attached in any mannerdeemed appropriate for a desired implementation or use. In oneembodiment, the coupler lock 502 of the example module coupler mechanismmay further comprise a handle 504. As depicted in the non-limitingexample of FIG. 5, in one embodiment the handle 504 may be attached tothe coupler lock 502 by inserting handle ends 503 a, 503 b into handleslots 508 a, 508 b.

According to some embodiments, the module coupler 520 may comprise amodule coupler base 524 which, in one or more embodiments, comprises anopening, slot or other receiver 526 for receiving and/or coupling with acorresponding coupler or other portion of a conveyor. In one example, asdepicted in FIG. 5, conveyor coupler stem 562 of conveyor coupler 560may be secured in the receiver 526 so that when the coupler stem 522and/or the module coupler base 524 are rotated (e.g., by a driveassembly of a vending machine), the conveyor coupler stem 562 alsorotates, thereby rotating any conveyor attached to the conveyor coupler560. For example, a portion of a vertical coil may be configured to beinserted and secured in channel 566 of conveyor coupler base 564 so thatwhen the module coupler 520 is rotated, the vertical coil also rotates(e.g., to dispense a product held in the coil).

In one or more embodiments, at least one of the module coupler 520 andthe conveyor coupler 560 may comprise at least one opening or passagewayfor receiving and/or securing one or more of the module coupler 520and/or conveyor coupler 560, and/or for allowing the module coupler 520and conveyor coupler 560 to connect. As depicted in FIG. 5, openings532, 542 allow for the module coupler 520 to engage with the conveyorcoupler 560.

As shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments the module coupler 520 and theconveyor coupler 560 may be connected to one another and/or secured toone or more other components of a module coupler mechanism, includingbut not limited to coupler platform 530 and container platform 540.Although depicted in FIG. 5 as separate components, it will beunderstood that coupler platform 530 and container platform 540 may beintegrated as a single component; alternatively, various features ofcoupler platform 530 and/or container platform 540 may be provided forin any number of separate components as deemed practicable forassembling and/or desired use.

According to some embodiments, the coupler platform 530 may comprise oneor more coupler platform slider portions 534 a, 534 b for engaging withlock sliders 506 a, 506 b, respectively. The lock sliders 506 a, 506 bmay be configured to be movably connected to the coupler platform sliderportions 534 a, 534 b, such as by having the lock sliders engage thecoupler platform 530 at the coupler platform slider portions 534 a, 534b. In one embodiment, once assembled the coupler lock 502 may beprevented (e.g., by means of a retaining structure on the couplerplatform 530 and/or container platform 540) from disengaging completelyfrom the coupler platform 530.

According to some embodiments, the coupler platform 530 and/or containerplatform 540 may comprise one or more components for storing one or moredata storage or memory devices of a module coupler mechanism. In oneexample, as depicted in FIG. 5, memory device holder 536 may beconfigured to secure a memory device (e.g., example RFID chip 547). Insome embodiments, the placement of the memory device holder 536 may beconfigured to facilitate the electrical connection of a memory devicewith a vending machine in which a product dispensing module isinstalled. As discussed in this disclosure, the memory device mayinclude information for a product dispensing module, including, withoutlimitation, an indication of an identifier that identifiers the productdispensing module (e.g., a unique module ID), information about productsstored in a product dispensing module and/or price information relatedto products stored in a product dispensing module.

According to some embodiments, the coupler platform 530 and/or containerplatform 540 may comprise one or more components for mounting orotherwise installing a product dispensing module in a modular vendingmachine. In one example, as depicted in FIG. 5, mounting components 538a and 538 b may be the protruding parts of snap joints (e.g., plasticcantilever snap joints) which, when the product dispensing module isinstalled in a vending machine, will catch in corresponding depressionsin mating components of the vending machine. Preferably, such mountingcomponents 538 a and 538 b secure the product dispensing modulesufficiently when installed to facilitate one or more of: (i) reading ofa module's memory device (e.g., by keeping the module's memory device insufficient proximity to a memory device reader of a vending machine sothat the memory device can be read successfully) and (ii) keeping theproduct dispensing module from moving, vibrating, or tilting in a waythat might affect any dispensing or other operations of the module. Someother examples of mounting structures and module holding structures,which may include mounting components such as snap joints or the like,are discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 10B and FIG. 11.

In some embodiments, one or more fasteners 549 (e.g., screws, nails,pins, and the like) may be used to secure or otherwise connectcomponents of the module coupler mechanism together. Various types offasteners and suitable for connecting, for example, coupler platform 530and container platform 540 will be understood by those skilled in theart in light of the present disclosure.

As discussed above with respect to FIG. 3, in some embodiments a modulecoupler mechanism of a product dispensing module may comprise one ormore openings 546 a, 546 b, 546 c for receiving a removable panel orside of a container, allowing for the depth of the container to beadjusted as appropriate for products of different sizes.

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show perspective views of a product dispensingmodule 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6Ashows a coupler lock 606, at a first coupler lock position (e.g., alocking position), engaging a module coupler 608 with the couplerreceiver 610, and substantially preventing the module coupler 608 fromrotating. Lock slider 612 is slidably engaged with coupler platformslider portion 630 a (not visible in FIG. 6A). FIG. 6A further showssnap joint components 638 a and 638 b, for snapping into correspondingmating components of a modular vending machine (discussed in furtherdetail with respect to FIG. 11). FIG. 6B shows the coupler lock 606disengaged from the module coupler 608. As indicated by the arrow inFIG. 6B, the coupler lock 606 has moved or been moved from the firstcoupler lock position to a second coupler lock position (e.g., anunlocking position). The lock slider 612 has traversed (e.g., slid)along at least a portion of the coupler platform slider portion 630 a,of sufficient distance to disengage the module coupler 608 from thecoupler receiver 610. Accordingly, the module coupler 608 may be free torotate or otherwise move and/or to be engaged with a drive assembly (notshown) (e.g., for dispensing products from a vertical conveyor).

In accordance with some embodiments, as discussed above with respect toFIG. 3, the product dispensing module 600 may comprise at least oneremovable panel 614 (e.g., stored using an opening 616 in the moduleplatform 602).

Some embodiments provide for a modular vending machine comprising one ormore types of module holding structures for receiving, coupling with,engaging with, installing and/or removably securing product dispensingmodules. In some embodiments, a product dispensing module may beconfigured with one or more mounting structures that correspond to andare configured to removably engage with module holding structures of amodular vending machine. In some embodiments, as discussed in thisdisclosure, when a product dispensing module is installed in a modularvending machine, a drive assembly of a vending machine is coupled to avertical conveyor of the product dispensing module. In some embodiments,as described in more detail below, a modular vending machine maycomprise a plurality of positions for receiving and removably hanging,mounting or otherwise securing a respective product dispensing modulesuch that the drive assembly of the modular vending machine can operatea vertical conveyor of the dispensing module to dispense products (e.g.,under the control of the modular vending machine) and/or facilitatereading of a dispensing module's identifier (e.g., from a memory deviceof the dispensing module).

In one embodiment, a modular vending machine may comprise a plurality ofpositions for replaceable product dispensing modules, each positionhaving at least one support shelf for engaging with (e.g., insertinginto) a corresponding mounting structure of the module. In one example,the mounting structure of the module may comprise one or more snap jointcomponents (e.g., cantilever snap joint components), and the modularvending machine may comprise the corresponding mating components of thesnap joints. In another embodiment, a modular vending machine maycomprise one or more clips, hole portions, snap joint components (e.g.,for cantilever snap joints, annular snap joints, torsion snap joints, orcombinations thereof), hooks, mounting posts, pegs, or the like, forengaging corresponding structure of a vertical product dispensing modulein order to hang or otherwise mount the product dispensing module fordispensing products (e.g., a hole portion for receiving a hook or postof a product dispensing module to mount or hang a vertical productdispensing module; a snap joint clip for receiving a correspondingmounting post of a vertical product dispensing module snapped into theclip).

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an example modular vending machine700 coupled to a product dispensing module 704 according to oneembodiment of the present invention. As depicted in FIG. 7, inaccordance with one embodiment the product dispensing module 704 may bemounted or installed in the modular vending machine 700 by engaging oneor more types of mounting structures. In particular, in the embodimentof FIG. 7, when the product dispensing module 704 is mounted in themodular vending machine 700, the support shelves 740 a, 740 b of themodular vending machine are inserted into a corresponding gap betweenthe coupler platform 730 and the container platform 702.

As discussed in this disclosure, in some embodiments a productdispensing module may comprise a coupler lock. In one example, asdepicted in FIG. 7, installing the product dispensing module 704 causesthe support shelf 740 b on the one side and the support shelf 740 a onthe other side to contact the leading edge of the lock sliders 712,which causes the coupler lock 706 to slide or otherwise move away fromand disengage from the module coupler 708. As also shown in FIG. 7, inaccordance with some embodiments, a drive assembly coupler 742 (alsoreferred to in this disclosure as a “u channel”) engages the modulecoupler 708 when the product dispensing module 704 is installed. Thedrive assembly coupler 742 may, in some embodiments, be attached to adrive shaft (not shown) of a motor (not shown) installed above theproduct dispensing module. One or more of support shelves 740 a, 740 bmay be connected to and/or integrated with a mounting structure 748 ofthe modular vending machine (e.g., to support the weight of the supportshelves and the mounted product dispensing module).

It will be readily understood by one skilled in the art that althoughthe example module coupler 708 of FIG. 7 has a substantially cylindricalshape and circular lateral cross section, and the drive assembly coupler742 has a “u” shape configured to receive and engage the example modulecoupler, any shape of module coupler (e.g., triangular, square) and/orcorresponding shape of drive assembly coupler may be utilized as deemeddesirable for a particular implementation.

The example modular vending machine 700 further comprises, in accordancewith some embodiments, a memory device 720 (e.g., installed as part ofthe product dispensing module 704) electronically connected viacommunications component 746 of the modular vending machine 700.Accordingly, information stored by memory device 720 may be read fromand/or written to the memory device (e.g., by a controller device of thevending machine and/or a server).

FIG. 8 shows a top view of a product dispensing module 800 comprisinganother example of mounting structures for mounting a product dispensingmodule in a modular vending machine. As depicted in FIG., one or moremounting posts 804 a, 804 b (e.g., connected to the module couplermechanism 802 and/or a container) according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. As depicted in FIG. 8, the mounting posts 804 a, 804b may be configured to be releasably connected to mounting clips 806 a,806 b, respectively. In one embodiment, the mounting clips 806 a, 806 bmay be attached to a vending machine and/or docking station (not shown)and configured to have the mounting posts snapped into the clips tosecurely hold the product dispensing module 800 in the vending machinefor dispensing purchased products. Similarly, as depicted in FIG. 8,alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments snap joint components838 a and 838 b may be configured to snap fit into correspondingdepressions in components of the vending machine. Although the mountingposts and snap joint components are depicted in FIG. 8 as beingconnected to or part of the product dispensing module, according to someembodiments one or more mounting clips or other type(s) of receivingcomponents of a snap joint may be connected to or part of the productdispensing module, and one or more corresponding protruding componentsmay be part of or connected to a vending machine and/or docking station.

D. Example Processes

According to some embodiments, processes described in this disclosuremay be performed and/or implemented by and/or otherwise associated withone or more specialized and/or computerized processing devices (e.g.,the devices of FIG. 1 described in this disclosure), specializedcomputers, computer terminals, computer servers, computer systems and/ornetworks, and/or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, methodsmay be embodied in, facilitated by, and/or otherwise associated withvarious input mechanisms and/or interfaces.

Any processes described in this disclosure do not necessarily imply afixed order to any depicted actions, steps, and/or procedures, andembodiments may generally be performed in any order that is practicableunless otherwise and specifically noted. Any of the processes and/ormethods described in this disclosure may be performed and/or facilitatedby hardware, software (including microcode), firmware, or anycombination thereof. For example, a storage medium (e.g., a hard disk,Universal Serial Bus (USB) mass storage device, and/or Digital VideoDisk (DVD)) may store thereon instructions that when executed by amachine (such as a computerized processing device) result in performanceaccording to any one or more of the embodiments described in thisdisclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a flow diagram of a method 900 according tosome embodiments is shown. The method 900 may be performed, for example,by a server computer. It should be noted that although some of the stepsof method 900 may be described as being performed by a server computerwhile other steps are described as being performed by another computingdevice (e.g., a vending machine and/or product dispensing module), anyand all of the steps may be performed by a single computing device.Further any steps described in this disclosure as being performed by aparticular computing device may, in some embodiments, be performed by ahuman or another computing device as appropriate.

According to some embodiments, the method 900 may comprise storing acartridge identifier that uniquely identifies a cartridge (e.g., amodular product cartridge), at 910. In one or more embodiments, storinga cartridge identifier may comprise one or more of: reading or otherwisereceiving an indication of a cartridge identifier (e.g., from a userinterface and/or docking station for stocking the cartridge), writing anidentifier to a memory device (e.g., of a cartridge) and/or storing acartridge identifier in a database (e.g., of a central server). In somealternative embodiments, the cartridge identifier need not be unique toa specific cartridge, but may identify a certain type or category ofcartridge (e.g., all cartridges storing the same type of product may bedesignated with the same identifier). According to some embodiments,since a cartridge's unique ID chip may be pre-programmed by the chipmanufacturer, ID chips may have to be read and then associated with thespecific type of product that a cartridge will hold. According to otherembodiments, IDs may be written, for example, to a memory of thecartridge.

According to some embodiments, the method 900 may comprise storingproduct information associated with the cartridge, at 920. In one ormore embodiments, storing product information may comprise one or moreof: reading or otherwise receiving an indication of informationassociated with one or more products stored in and/or designated forstorage in a cartridge (e.g., from a user interface and/or dockingstation for stocking the cartridge), writing the product information toa memory device (e.g., of a cartridge) and/or storing productioninformation in a database (e.g., of a central server).

According to some embodiments, the method 900 may comprise receiving thecartridge identifier from a vending machine in which the cartridge isinstalled, at 930, and transmitting the product information to thevending machine, at 940. In one embodiment, as described in thisdisclosure, a product cartridge may be installed in a modular vendingmachine (e.g., by a user at a partner location). A processor of thevending machine in (wired or wireless) communication with the memorydevice of the cartridge (e.g., an ID chip) may receive the cartridgeidentifier from the memory device and transmit the cartridge identifierto a central server (e.g., along with or as part of a request forinformation associated with the cartridge). The central server may lookup product information, for example, in a product information database.According to some embodiments, product information may comprise arespective description for one or more types of products contained inthe cartridge and/or respective price information associated with anyproducts associated with the cartridge. The vending machine may displayproduct information, for example, via an electronic display device ofthe vending machine (e.g., to advertise products available forpurchases, including price information).

According to some embodiments, the central server may further bespecially programmed to receive updated product information from thevending machine and/or storing updated product information inassociation with the cartridge identifier. In one example, the productinformation may comprise a number of items sold and/or remaining in thecartridge, and/or transaction information associated with products(e.g., information about product purchases made at the vending machine).In some embodiments, the central computer may be specially programmed toupdate pricing information for one or more types of products based onhistorical transaction information (e.g., based on sales trends, amountin inventory at vending machines, etc.).

E. Example Vending Machines

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are perspective views of an example modularvending machine 1000 according to some embodiments of the presentinvention. The modular vending machine 1000 preferably comprises one ormore mounting and drive assembly systems, each such system configured toreceive a respective product dispensing module (e.g., a replaceableproduct cartridge). As depicted in FIG. 10A, the example modular vendingmachine 1000 may comprise a casing or cabinet enclosing variouscomponents, including, without limitation: one or more module supportingshelves 1040 a, 1040 b; one or more drive assembly couplers 1042 a, 1042b; and/or one or more motors 1050 a, 1050 b. As discussed with respectto FIG. 7, a product dispensing module may be mounted in the vendingmachine by engaging the module coupler mechanism with the supportingshelves 1040 a, 1040 b and the drive assembly coupler 1042 a. FIG. 10Bshows a close-up view of one mounting system of the modular vendingmachine 1000. The exploded view of the drive assembly coupler 1042 ashows that the drive assembly may be mounted on a drive shaft 1070(e.g., connected to motor 1050 a of FIG. 10A), and, in accordance withsome embodiments, may be separated from a mounting platform by a spacer1060. The coupler receiver 1044 preferably is comprised to engage acorrespondingly shaped module coupler (as discussed with respect to FIG.7) of a product dispensing module.

As shown in FIG. 10B, the modular vending machine 1000 may furthercomprise, in accordance with some embodiments, a communicationscomponent 1046 for communicating and/or electrically connecting with amemory device of a mounted product dispensing module, and one or moremating components 1041 a, 1041 b (e.g., snap joint components withdepressions for receiving corresponding snap-fitting hooks of a productdispensing module, such as snap joint components 638 a, 638 b of FIG.6). As discussed in this disclosure, the mating components may ensurethat the product dispensing module sits securely enough that anymechanical operation or movement of the vending machine (e.g., by beingstruck, by operation or vibration of a dispensing mechanism, or due tomovement of a vehicle in which the vending machine is located) does notdislodge the product dispensing module. Accordingly, information storedby the memory device (e.g., a cartridge identifier) may be read fromand/or written to the memory device (e.g., by a controller device of thevending machine and/or a server).

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an example product dispensing module1102 being installed (or removed) from a modular vending machineaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. As depicted in theexample system of FIG. 11, the product dispensing module 1102 comprisesa coupler 1122 and snap joint components 1038 a and 1038 b. The productdispensing module 1102 may be mounted in the vending machine by engagingthe module coupler mechanism 1112 with the supporting shelves 1040 a,1040 b, which, in accordance with some embodiments, slide between theupper and lower platforms of the module coupler mechanism 1112 (see, forexample, the example platforms 530 and 540 of FIG. 5). Further,supporting shelves 1040 a, 1040 b comprise mating components 1041 a,1041 b, respectively, each having a corresponding depression forreceiving the flexible snap joint components 1038 a, 1038 b,respectively. When the product dispensing module 1102 is installed inthe modular vending machine, the flexible snap joint components 1038 a,1038 b come into contact with the inner edges of the supporting shelves1040 a, 1040 b and are deflected before catching in the depressions ofthe mating components 1041 a, 1041 b to help secure the productdispensing module 1102 in place. Once secured, the memory device 1147preferably is in communication with the memory reader device 1046 (e.g.,for receiving an identifier that identifies the product dispensingmodule). If the product dispensing module 1102 is to be removed, theconfiguration of the flexible snap joint components 1038 a, 1038 ballows them to flex when sufficient force is applied to disengage thedispensing module from the supporting shelves 1040 a, 1040 b.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a plurality of product dispensingmodules installed in an example modular vending machine 1200, accordingto an embodiment of the present invention. The modular vending machine1200 comprises a cabinet 1206 with a hinged door 1202 providing accessto the interior of the vending machine (e.g., for maintenance and/orrestocking purposes). In accordance with one embodiment, the door 1202comprises a product delivery door 1204 for allowing a user access to aproduct delivery area at the bottom of the interior of the cabinet 1206,where products drop when dispensed by the installed product cartridges.

As depicted in FIG. 12, the modular vending machine 1200 comprisesinstalled product dispensing module 1208 a coupled to motor 1220 a fordispensing products stored, for example, in a vertical conveyor of themodule. As depicted, the example vending machine has a remaining spot toreceive the product dispensing module 1208 b by coupling a modulecoupler with the drive assembly coupler 1210, thereby connecting themodule (and vertical conveyor) to the motor 1220 b.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a docking station 1302 and a productdispensing module 1300 (e.g., of a modular vending system) according toan embodiment of the present invention. As depicted in FIG. 13, aproduct dispensing module 1300 may be coupled to a docking station 1302for, without limitation: stocking the product dispensing module and/orstoring and/or updating information associated with the module. Varioustypes of information and means for storing and/or updating suchinformation in a modular vending system are described in thisdisclosure.

The docking station 1302 may comprise, in accordance with someembodiments, one or more of: a mounting system 1306, a support surface1308, a display device and/or user interface 1312, and/or one or moresupporting members 1310 a, 1310 b. The mounting system 1306 may compriseone or more supporting shelves, such as those described with respect toFIG. 7, for receiving the module coupler mechanism of the productdispensing module 1300. In one or more embodiments, the mounting system1306 preferably comprises a microcontroller configured to read thecartridge identifier of an installed cartridge and to facilitatetransfer of identifying information to a registration software program(e.g., hosted by a web server and running as a web-based applicationover the Internet).

According to some embodiments, the support surface 1308 preferably isslanted or at an angle (e.g., in a range of approximately 30 to 60degrees) relative to a horizontal surface or floor (e.g., on which thedocking station 1302 may be placed) in order to make stocking theproduct dispensing module 1300 (e.g., placing products in the productsupporting positions of a vertical conveyor) more convenient. It will bereadily understood that different configurations of the table surfacemay be implemented as deemed appropriate.

In one or more embodiments, the docking station 1302 may comprise a userinterface 1312 (e.g., a touch screen device) via which a user mayreceive and/or input information to the modular vending machine system(e.g., cartridge information, product information and/or pricinginformation). In one embodiment, the docking station 1302 may comprisecommunications ports for communicating with one or more servercomputers, vending machines and/or product dispensing modules. Accordingto some embodiments, the user interface 1312 may be embodied as a tabletcomputer connected to the Internet via a Wi-Fi connection.

According to some embodiments, the docking station may be used toinitialize new cartridges into a modular vending system (e.g., aftercompletion of a cartridge assembly process), and may also be used toassociate products with specific cartridges during a restocking process.

F. Additional Embodiments

According to some embodiments, a vending machine and vending machinesystem are provided with a smaller size or form factor (e.g., for use ina vehicle). In one or more embodiments, the vending machine acceptsproduct cartridges of approximately 7 inches (or less) in depth, and thecartridges include vertical coils holding products for dispensingvertically. For example, when vending an item a coil is rotated torelease the lowest item held by the coil.

In some embodiments, some features of the vertical product cartridgesand/or vending machine system may include one or more of:

-   -   male/female coupling system with “u-channel”    -   integrated coupler cover/handle on cartridge    -   adjustable panel on cartridge to accommodate products of        different sizes for shipping and/or dispensing    -   “slim” vertical cartridge includes vertical coil and is        prestocked with product    -   vending machine does not make actual product visible to        customer—product information is identified by the vending        machine based on a cartridge ID that identifies the cartridge

According to some embodiments, a vending unit may comprise, but is notlimited to, six cartridges, each containing a respective differentproduct. In one embodiment, each cartridge has four sides: three solidand stationary walls, and one removable and/or adjustable front panel.In one embodiment, the front panel may be clear so that the productinside the cartridge is visible to potential purchasers. In someembodiments, each of the individual cartridges contains a variablenumber of products and a vended product is released via a coil mechanismcoupled to a stepper motor of the vending unit. The coil also acts tohold the product in place during a non-vending state (e.g., while thecartridge is being transported).

According to some embodiments, on top of a product cartridge is a topcover that houses a coil support attached to a male coupler. In someembodiments, the male coupler is held and locked in place with acombined coupler cover/handle apparatus. When the male coupler islocked, for example, the coil remains stationary, thereby keepingproducts stationary and “locked down” within the cartridge duringcartridge transport and/or handling (e.g., outside of a vendingmachine). Upon being inserted into a vending machine, the u-channelsupport of the vending unit into which the cartridge is inserted,disengages the coupler cover/handle apparatus, freeing the male couplerto rotate. At the exact same time, the insertion engages the malecoupler on the top of the cartridge with a stationary female couplerattached to the end of a stepper motor on the main vending unit (insidethe u-channel). The corresponding fit of the male coupler with thefemale coupler connects the motor to the coil, making the cartridgeready to vend product inside the vending unit.

In one or more embodiments, when inserted in a vending unit an ID chipmounted to the back of the cartridge makes contact with one or moreelectronic sensors on the back of the vending unit. This allows the mainvending unit software to identify the cartridge and know what thatparticular cartridge contains. In one embodiment, the vending unit maydisplays information about the cartridge on a screen of the vending unitalong with the product price, quantity, etc.

Applicants have recognized through testing that, in accordance with someembodiments, the coupling mechanism and recognition of a cartridgeidentifier (e.g., via an ID chip) allow the vending machine unit to berestocked with improved efficiency and reduces the restocking time. Forexample, in some timed trials up to six cartridges may be restocked in avending unit in less than thirty seconds.

According to some embodiments, the modular vending machine system allowsfor the ability to update product information (e.g., via the Internet)for each specific networked vending machine (of a plurality of vendingmachines), regardless of location. In one or more embodiments, productand price input may be automatically updated at a vending machine viarecognition of a cartridge identifier (e.g., upon installment of acartridge in a vending unit).

In some embodiments, as discussed in this disclosure, each cartridge mayinclude or be associated with an ID chip. Accordingly, when a cartridgeis inserted into a vending machine, the vending machine softwareinstructions may direct the processor to access a micro-controller toreceive the serial number of the ID chip. This serial number is comparedto a database of serial numbers which is stored on our server. There isa table of cartridge numbers which are cross-referenced with productdata. This info for a specific cartridge is downloaded to the software.Upon download, all information on user interface is changed for thatspecific bay or slot. This same process occurs for each cartridge thatis inserted into the machine. The user interface will now display theupdated correct product name, product price, product image, and productquantity.

According to some embodiments, an ID chip for a cartridge preferablycontains a unique serial number (e.g., a 48-bit number). When acartridge is mounted in a docking station, software for the dockingstation instructs enables a microcontroller in electronic communicationwith the ID chip to read the serial number. The serial number isreceived by the processor in accordance with the software instructionsand, in some embodiments, displayed on a display screen of the dockingstation. Information about the cartridge, such as its type and/or partnumber, may be selected by a user via the user interface. According tosome embodiments, a cartridge type may be stored that indicates whattype of coil is inserted in the cartridge. The part number may be aunique physical identifier printed on the cartridge.

In accordance with an example cartridge registration process, a serialnumber, cartridge type, and part number may identify a cartridge (e.g.,an empty cartridge to be stocked). The cartridge information may beuploaded to a central database from a docking station. Productinformation may be associated with a cartridge through a cartridgedocking station and/or another type of interface (e.g., a web-basedinterface). After product information is associated with a cartridge,then the cartridge is ready to be inserted into a vending unit.

According to some embodiments, a vending machine restocking process maycomprise initiating a restocking mode, using vending machine software,which facilitates the reading of any serial numbers of any insertedcartridges. For example, the serial numbers may be read (e.g.,sequentially) by a respective microcontroller and passed to the vendingmachine software. The vending machine software may then query a centraldatabase (e.g., over the Internet) using the serial number to find thecorresponding cartridge. Upon locating the cartridge in the database,for example, the product information associated with the cartridge(e.g., stored during a registration process for that cartridge) may bedownloaded to the vending machine. In some embodiments, the productinformation received may be stored in a local cache or other localmemory device to be used for any one or more of a variety of functions.

In some embodiments, one or more products and/or cartridges may beassociated with respective colors. In one example, an energy productwith red trade dress may be associated with the color red in productdatabase. In accordance with one embodiment, a vending machine maycomprise lights (e.g., LED lights, RGB lights), configured in accordancewith software instructions executed by a processor of the vendingmachine, to display (e.g., at a product dispensing area) the color orcolors associated with a product that is in inventory and/or that isbeing dispensed. For example, the example “red” energy product, ifpurchased by a customer, may result in the vending machine causing thecolor red to be displayed. According to some embodiments, just prior toa product being released from the coil of the corresponding module, aprocessor may send a corresponding color number to a microcontroller.Based on the color number, the microcontroller may generate a colorusing RGB. In one example, a first purchased product's color is red, anda second purchased product's color is blue. When the first product is tobe vended, lights inside the vending machine may turn red. Once theproduct is released, the lights inside the machine turn blue for vendingthe second product. In one embodiment, once all the products selectedare dispensed successfully, the light inside the machine may turn backto a default color (e.g., white).

According to some embodiments, a user may be able to update the productdescription, images, price, quantity, and/or light color associated witha cartridge and/or product, using a software program. The software willcommunicate with the database and check for a change in any of the aboveparameters and then download the updated information.

After a cartridge's unique information has been uploaded to a centraldatabase, for example, product information may be associated with thatcartridge through a web-based application or web portal. In one example,the cartridge may be found in the web portal through the physicalcartridge identifier printed on the cartridge. When the cartridge's pageon the web portal is found, its details may be modified (e.g., by anauthorized user of the system). In one embodiment, a product to beassociated with a given cartridge may be selected throughuser-selectable interface element (e.g., a drop down box) that containsall or a subset of the products within the system. In another example,the price of a product may be changed to be specific to all products inthat cartridge. In another example, the number of products containedwithin a specific cartridge may be updated automatically, for example,through a text box located on the web portal screen, to indicate theactual quantity present.

According to some embodiments, program instructions executed by avending machine may send a command to a microcontroller check how manycartridges have successfully made contact with the u-channels. Thisinformation may be sent to the database to store an indication of howmany cartridges are installed within the particular vending machine.

G. Interpretation

Numerous embodiments are described in this patent application, and arepresented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments arenot, and are not intended to be, limiting in any sense. The presentlydisclosed invention(s) are widely applicable to numerous embodiments, asis readily apparent from the disclosure. One of ordinary skill in theart will recognize that the disclosed invention may be practiced withvarious modifications and alterations, such as structural, logical,software, and/or electrical modifications. Although particular featuresof the disclosed invention(s) may be described with reference to one ormore particular embodiments and/or drawings, it should be understoodthat such features are not limited to usage in the one or moreparticular embodiments or drawings with reference to which they aredescribed, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The present disclosure is neither a literal description of allembodiments nor a listing of features that must be present in allembodiments.

Neither the Title (set forth at the beginning of the first page of thisdisclosure) nor the Abstract (set forth at the end of this disclosure)is to be taken as limiting in any way the scope of the disclosedinvention(s).

Throughout the description and unless otherwise specified, the followingterms may include and/or encompass the example meanings provided below.These terms and illustrative example meanings are provided to clarifythe language selected to describe embodiments both in the specificationand in the appended claims, and accordingly, are not intended to belimiting.

The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “theembodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “someembodiments”, “one embodiment” and the like mean “one or more (but notall) disclosed embodiments”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “the invention” and “the present invention” and the like mean“one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

A reference to “another embodiment” in describing an embodiment does notimply that the referenced embodiment is mutually exclusive with anotherembodiment (e.g., an embodiment described before the referencedembodiment), unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “including”, “comprising” and variations thereof mean“including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise.

The term “plurality” means “two or more”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The term “herein” means “in the present disclosure, including anythingwhich may be incorporated by reference”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The phrase “at least one of”, when such phrase modifies a plurality ofthings (such as an enumerated list of things) means any combination ofone or more of those things, unless expressly specified otherwise. Forexample, the phrase at least one of a widget, a car and a wheel meanseither (i) a widget, (ii) a car, (iii) a wheel, (iv) a widget and a car,(v) a widget and a wheel, (vi) a car and a wheel, or (vii) a widget, acar and a wheel.

The phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” describesboth “based only on” and “based at least on”.

Where a limitation of a first claim would cover one of a feature as wellas more than one of a feature (e.g., a limitation such as “at least onewidget” covers one widget as well as more than one widget), and where ina second claim that depends on the first claim, the second claim uses adefinite article “the” to refer to the limitation (e.g., “the widget”),this does not imply that the first claim covers only one of the feature,and this does not imply that the second claim covers only one of thefeature (e.g., “the widget” can cover both one widget and more than onewidget).

Each process (whether called a method, algorithm or otherwise)inherently includes one or more steps, and therefore all references to a“step” or “steps” of a process have an inherent antecedent basis in themere recitation of the term “process” or a like term. Accordingly, anyreference in a claim to a “step” or “steps” of a process has sufficientantecedent basis.

When an ordinal number (such as “first”, “second”, “third” and so on) isused as an adjective before a term, that ordinal number is used (unlessexpressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular feature,such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature thatis described by the same term or by a similar term. For example, a“first widget” may be so named merely to distinguish it from, e.g., a“second widget”. Thus, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and“second” before the term “widget” does not indicate any otherrelationship between the two widgets, and likewise does not indicate anyother characteristics of either or both widgets. For example, the mereusage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term“widget” (1) does not indicate that either widget comes before or afterany other in order or location; (2) does not indicate that either widgetoccurs or acts before or after any other in time; and (3) does notindicate that either widget ranks above or below any other, as inimportance or quality. In addition, the mere usage of ordinal numbersdoes not define a numerical limit to the features identified with theordinal numbers. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers“first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate thatthere must be no more than two widgets.

As used in this disclosure, a “user” may generally refer to anyindividual and/or entity that operates a device. Users may comprise, forexample, customers, operators, partner location employees, etc.

Some embodiments may be associated with a “user device” or a “networkdevice”. As used in this disclosure, the terms “user device” and“network device” may be used interchangeably and may generally refer toany device that can communicate via a network. Examples of user ornetwork devices include a personal computer (PC), a workstation, aserver, a printer, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a copier, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a storage device (e.g., a disk drive), a hub, arouter, a switch, and a modem, a video game console, or a wirelessphone. User and network devices may comprise one or more communicationor network components.

Some embodiments may be associated with a “network” or a “communicationnetwork”. As used in this disclosure, the terms “network” and“communication network” may be used interchangeably and may refer to anyobject, entity, component, device, and/or any combination thereof thatpermits, facilitates, and/or otherwise contributes to or is associatedwith the transmission of messages, packets, signals, and/or other formsof information between and/or within one or more network devices. Insome embodiments, networks may be hard-wired, wireless, virtual, neural,and/or any other configuration or type of network that is or becomesknown. Networks may comprise any number of computers and/or other typesof devices in communication with one another, directly or indirectly,via a wired or wireless medium such as the Internet, LAN, WAN orEthernet (or IEEE 802.3), Token Ring, RF, cable TV, satellite links, orvia any appropriate communications means or combination ofcommunications means. In some embodiments, a network may include one ormore wired and/or wireless networks operated in accordance with anycommunication standard or protocol that is or becomes known orpracticable. Exemplary protocols for network communications include butare not limited to: the Fast Ethernet LAN transmission standard802.3-2002® published by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE), Bluetooth™, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile communications(GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), General PacketRadio Service (GPRS), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), Advanced Mobile PhoneSystem (AMPS), Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), IEEE 802.11 (WI-FI), IEEE 802.3,SAP, the best of breed (BOB), system to system (S2S), or the like.Communication between and/or among devices may be encrypted to ensureprivacy and/or prevent fraud in any one or more of a variety of wayswell known in the art.

Devices that are in communication with each other need not be incontinuous communication with each other, unless expressly specifiedotherwise. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit to eachother as necessary or desirable, and may actually refrain fromexchanging data most of the time. For example, a machine incommunication with another machine via the Internet may not transmitdata to the other machine for weeks at a time. In addition, devices thatare in communication with each other may communicate directly orindirectly through one or more intermediaries.

As used in this disclosure, the term “network component” may refer to anetwork device, or a component, piece, portion, or combination of anetwork device. Examples of network components may include a StaticRandom Access Memory (SRAM) device or module, a network processor, and anetwork communication path, connection, port, or cable.

As used in this disclosure, the terms “information” and “data” may beused interchangeably and may refer to any data, text, voice, video,image, message, bit, packet, pulse, tone, waveform, and/or other type orconfiguration of signal and/or information. Information may compriseinformation packets transmitted, for example, in accordance with theInternet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) standard as defined by “InternetProtocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification” RFC 1883, published by theInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Network Working Group, S.Deering et al. (December 1995). Information may, according to someembodiments, be compressed, encoded, encrypted, and/or otherwisepackaged or manipulated in accordance with any method that is or becomesknown or practicable.

In addition, some embodiments described in this disclosure areassociated with an “indication”. The term “indication” may be used torefer to any indicia and/or other information indicative of orassociated with a subject, item, entity, and/or other object and/oridea. As used in this disclosure, the phrases “information indicativeof” and “indicia” may be used to refer to any information thatrepresents, describes, and/or is otherwise associated with a relatedentity, subject, or object. Indicia of information may include, forexample, a code, a reference, a link, a signal, an identifier, and/orany combination thereof and/or any other informative representationassociated with the information. In some embodiments, indicia ofinformation (or indicative of the information) may be or include theinformation itself and/or any portion or component of the information.In some embodiments, an indication may include a request, asolicitation, a broadcast, and/or any other form of informationgathering and/or dissemination.

“Determining” something may be performed in a variety of manners andtherefore the term “determining” (and like terms) includes calculating,computing, deriving, looking up (e.g., in a table, database or datastructure), ascertaining, recognizing, and the like.

A “processor” means any one or more microprocessors, Central ProcessingUnit (CPU) devices, computing devices, microcontrollers, digital signalprocessors, or like devices. Examples of processors include, withoutlimitation, Pentium™ by Intel, Athlon™ by AMD, or Apple Inc.'s A6processor.

When a single device or article is described in this disclosure, morethan one device or article (whether or not they cooperate) mayalternatively be used in place of the single device or article that isdescribed. Accordingly, the functionality that is described as beingpossessed by a device may alternatively be possessed by more than onedevice or article (whether or not they cooperate). Where more than onedevice or article is described in this disclosure (whether or not theycooperate), a single device or article may alternatively be used inplace of the more than one device or article that is described. Forexample, a plurality of computer-based devices may be substituted with asingle computer-based device. Accordingly, functionality that isdescribed as being possessed by more than one device or article mayalternatively be possessed by a single device or article. Thefunctionality and/or the features of a single device that is describedmay be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices that aredescribed but are not explicitly described as having such functionalityand/or features. Thus, other embodiments need not include the describeddevice itself, but rather can include the one or more other devices thatwould, in those other embodiments, have such functionality/features.

A description of an embodiment with several components or features doesnot imply that any particular one of such components and/or features isrequired. On the contrary, a variety of optional components aredescribed to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of thepresent invention(s). Unless otherwise specified explicitly, nocomponent and/or feature is essential or required.

Further, although process steps, algorithms or the like may be describedor depicted in a sequential order, such processes may be configured towork in one or more different orders. In other words, any sequence ororder of steps that may be explicitly described or depicted does notnecessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in thatorder. The steps of processes described in this disclosure may beperformed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performedsimultaneously despite being described or implied as occurringnon-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described after the otherstep). Moreover, the illustration of a process by its depiction in adrawing does not imply that the illustrated process is exclusive ofother variations and modifications, does not imply that the illustratedprocess or any of its steps is necessary to the invention, and does notimply that the illustrated process is preferred.

It will be readily apparent that the various methods and algorithmsdescribed in this disclosure may be implemented by, e.g., appropriately-and/or specially-programmed general purpose computers and/or computingdevices. Typically a processor (e.g., one or more microprocessors) willreceive instructions from a memory or like device, and execute thoseinstructions, thereby performing one or more processes defined by thoseinstructions. Further, programs that implement such methods andalgorithms may be stored and transmitted using a variety of media (e.g.,computer-readable media) in a number of manners. In some embodiments,hard-wired circuitry or custom hardware may be used in place of, or incombination with, software instructions for implementation of theprocesses of various embodiments. Thus, embodiments are not limited toany specific combination of hardware and software.

Accordingly, a description of a process likewise describes at least oneapparatus for performing the process, and likewise describes at leastone computer-readable medium and/or computer-readable memory forperforming the process. The apparatus that performs a described processmay include components and/or devices (e.g., a processor, input andoutput devices) appropriate to perform the process. A computer-readablemedium may store program elements and/or instructions appropriate toperform a described method.

The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium thatparticipates in providing data (e.g., instructions or other information)that may be read by a computer, a processor, or a like device. Variousforms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying data,including sequences of instructions, to a processor. For example,sequences of instruction (i) may be delivered from RAM to a processor,(ii) may be carried over a wireless transmission medium, and/or (iii)may be formatted according to any one or more of various known formats,standards, or protocols (some examples of which are described in thisdisclosure with respect to communication networks).

Computer-readable media may take many forms, including but not limitedto, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media.Non-volatile media may include, for example, optical or magnetic disksand other types of persistent memory. Volatile media may include, forexample, DRAM, which typically constitutes the main memory for acomputing device. Transmission media may include, for example, coaxialcables, copper wire, and fiber optics, including the wires that comprisea system bus coupled to the processor. Transmission media may include orconvey acoustic waves, light waves, and electromagnetic emissions, suchas those generated during RF and IR data communications. Common forms ofcomputer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexibledisk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM,DVD, any other optical medium, a punch card, paper tape, any otherphysical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, aFLASH-EEPROM, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory stick or thumb drive,a dongle, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave, or anyother medium from which a computer can read.

The term “computer-readable memory” may generally refer to a subsetand/or class of non-transitory computer-readable medium that does notinclude intangible or transitory signals, waves, waveforms, carrierwaves, electromagnetic emissions, or the like. Computer-readable memorymay typically include physical, non-transitory media upon which data(e.g., instructions or other information) are stored, such as optical ormagnetic disks and other persistent memory, DRAM, a floppy disk, aflexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, aCD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, anyother physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, aFLASH-EEPROM, USB devices, any other memory chip or cartridge, and thelike.

Where databases are described, it will be understood by one of ordinaryskill in the art that (i) alternative database structures to thosedescribed may be readily employed, and (ii) other memory structuresbesides databases may be readily employed. Any illustrations ordescriptions of any sample databases presented in this disclosure areillustrative arrangements for stored representations of information. Anynumber of other arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by,e.g., tables illustrated in drawings or elsewhere. Similarly, anyillustrated entries of the databases represent exemplary informationonly; one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the numberand content of the entries may be different from those described in thisdisclosure. Further, despite any depiction of the databases as tables,other formats (including relational databases, object-based models,hierarchical electronic file structures, and / or distributed databases)could be used to store and/or manipulate the described data. Likewise,object methods or behaviors of a database may be used to implement oneor more of various processes, such as those described in thisdisclosure. In addition, the databases may, in a known manner, be storedlocally and/or remotely from a device that accesses data in such adatabase. Furthermore, while unified databases may be contemplated, itis also possible that the databases may be distributed and/or duplicatedamongst a variety of devices.

The present disclosure provides, to one of ordinary skill in the art, anenabling description of several embodiments and/or inventions. Some ofthese embodiments and/or inventions may not be claimed in the presentapplication, but may nevertheless be claimed in one or more continuingapplications that claim the benefit of priority of the presentapplication. Applicants intend to file additional applications to pursuepatents for subject matter that has been disclosed and enabled but notclaimed in the present application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A modular vending machine system comprising: amodular vending machine comprising: a module holding structure forremovably securing a vertical product dispensing module, a driveassembly configured to operatively couple with a vertical productdispensing module, and a vending machine controller configured tocontrol operation of the drive assembly to dispense products from thevertical product dispensing module; and a vertical product dispensingmodule comprising: a vertical conveyor comprising a plurality of productsupporting positions in a substantially vertical arrangement, a couplerconnected to the vertical conveyor, the coupler being configured forcoupling with the drive assembly of the modular vending machine foroperating the vertical conveyor, a container connected to the coupler,the container comprising at least one wall configured to retain productsin the product supporting positions of the vertical conveyor, and amounting structure connected to the container and removably engaged withthe module holding structure of the module vending machine.
 2. Themodular vending machine system of claim 1, further comprising: a centralcontroller device in electronic communication with the modular vendingmachine over a communications network, the controller device comprising:a processor, a computer readable storage device in communication withthe processor, the computer readable storage device storing instructionsthat when executed by the processor direct the processor to: receive anindication of an identifier that identifies a vertical productdispensing module, determine, based on the identifier, productinformation associated with the cartridge, and transmit the productinformation associated with the cartridge.
 3. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 2, wherein the computer readable storage devicefurther comprises at least one of: a cartridge database comprisinginformation for a plurality of vertical product dispensing modules, theinformation including, for each vertical product dispensing module, anindication of a respective identifier that identifies the verticalproduct dispensing module and an indication of a respective product, anda product database comprising information for a plurality of products.4. The modular vending machine system of claim 3, wherein theinstructions when executed by the processor further direct the processorto: receive an indication of a product associated with the verticalproduct dispensing module, and store, in the cartridge database, theindication of the product in association with an identifier thatidentifies the vertical product dispensing module.
 5. The modularvending machine system of claim 2, wherein receiving the indication ofthe identifier that identifies the vertical product dispensing modulecomprises: receiving the indication of the identifier that identifiesthe vertical product dispensing module from the modular vending machine.6. The modular vending machine system of claim 2, further comprising adocking station in communication with the central controller device andcomprising: a mounting system for removably securing vertical productdispensing modules; a reader device connected to the mounting system andconfigured to read identifiers from data storage devices of verticalproduct dispensing modules, and a communication port in communicationwith the reader device and configured to transmit identifiers to thecentral controller device.
 7. The modular vending machine system ofclaim 6, wherein receiving the indication of the identifier thatidentifies the vertical product dispensing module comprises: receivingthe indication of the identifier that identifies the vertical productdispensing module from the docking station.
 8. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 1, wherein the module holding structure and themounting structure comprise snap joint components.
 9. The modularvending machine system of claim 1, wherein the module holding structurecomprises at least one supporting shelf.
 10. The modular vending machinesystem of claim 9, wherein the mounting structure comprises at least onesnap joint component, and wherein each supporting shelf comprises arespective mating component configured to receive a corresponding snapjoint component of the mounting structure.
 11. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 1, wherein the vertical conveyor comprises ahelical coil rotatably mounted in the container.
 12. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 1, wherein the vertical conveyor comprises aconveyor belt loop mounted in the container.
 13. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 1, the at least one wall of the container beingconfigured to have one of: a substantially rectangular lateral crosssection, a substantially square lateral cross section, a substantiallytriangular lateral cross section, a substantially elliptical lateralcross section, or a substantially circular lateral cross section. 14.The modular vending machine system of claim 1, wherein the at least onewall comprises a top side wall of the container, and wherein thevertical conveyor is connected to the top side wall.
 15. The modularvending machine system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at leastone wall comprises an opening, and wherein the vertical conveyor isconnected to the coupler through the opening.
 16. The modular vendingmachine system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one wallis adjustable to provide at least two different depths of the containerfor holding products of different sizes.
 17. The modular vending machinesystem of claim 1, further comprising: a coupler lock attached to thecontainer, the coupler lock being configured to substantially preventmovement of the coupler and the vertical conveyor when the coupler isnot coupled to the drive assembly, the coupler lock being furtherconfigured to allow movement of the coupler and the vertical conveyor todispense products when the coupler is coupled to the drive assembly. 18.The modular vending machine system of claim 17, wherein the coupler lockis movable from a first coupler lock position for engaging the couplerto prevent movement of the coupler to a second coupler lock position fordisengaging the coupler to allow movement of the coupler.
 19. Themodular vending machine system of claim 1, further comprising aplurality of products, each product being stored in a respective one ofthe plurality of product supporting positions of the vertical conveyor.20. The modular vending machine system of claim 1, wherein the verticalproduct dispensing module further comprises a data storage devicestoring an identifier that identifies the vertical product dispensingmodule.
 21. The modular vending machine system of claim 1, wherein themounting structure comprises a snap joint component configured toreleasably engage with a corresponding mating component of the moduleholding structure of the modular vending machine.